Having the power to see in darkness has many benefits. The safety applications are the ones that most spring to mind, and thus the tactical price of night vision is established.Night vision binoculars are a fixture in army operations where stealth or night security is required. These wonders of technology give humans the capability of vision in low-light or maybe complete darkness, depending on the technology.
Humans do have night vision, even tho very poor night vision. This is a result of the physiological construction of our eyes that permits us to see more colors, but trades off the power to sense more light. Simply, it is a trade-off between color vision, and light-intensity vision. Night vision binoculars use different technologies to grant humans this critical ability. There are two general ways of achieving night vision, and they are to dilate the range of detectable “light” or to intensify what is there. True to the trade-off, many of these devices display photographs in one color or fake color representations.
Some night vision binoculars use infrared light to see. Scopes and other optical devices like these need a source of infrared light illuminating the target object or area to function. These are called active devices. Unfortunately, the infrared illumination they use can be detected by other devices, so they are used often as deterrents and not for operations that need stealth.
Generation 1 and Gen I + night vision devices use photocathodes to amplify ambient light, such as that from the moon. These are rather massive, but are available to the public. Travel binoculars and spotting scopes with night vision capabilities are found among these. Light amplification capabilities for this class can reach as high as 1000x, but irrespective of the inspiring nominal rating this isn’t really much.
Generation 2 and higher night vision binoculars and devices are proscribed to army and law enforcement use. These give better night vision, with light amplification ratings at around 20000x for Gen II, and 30000 to 50000x for higher devices. These are the kind used by Special Forces teams, and members of other agencies that need the capability, such as Homeland Security, the FBI, and intelligence services.
Lastly, one class of night vision binoculars uses thermal imaging technology. These sense the differences in temperature expressed in lower infrared radiation. The devices then take this data and produces photographs using false colours to represent different temperature levels. Therefore , users see silhouettes of objects with areas colored according to a scale for temperature comparison.
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